Chapter 3 Canada’s People
Activity A
Canadians (French: Canadiens) are the people who are identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Canadians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian.
Canada is a bilingual and multicultural society home to people of many different ethnic, religious and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. Following the initial period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-aboriginal peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity. Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbor, the United States.
Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of many years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a fully-fledged sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Legislative independence was established with the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1946 took effect on January 1, 1947, and full sovereignty was achieved with the patriation of the constitution in 1982.
Questions:
1. Who are Canadians? Canadians (French: Canadiens) are the people who are identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural.
2. What is the definition of bilingual? 1. able to speak two languages with the facility of a native speaker. 2. spoken, written, or containing similar information in two different languages:
a bilingual dictionary; Public notices at the embassy are bilingual.
3. of, involving, or using two languages: a bilingual community; bilingual schools.
a bilingual person.
3. What is the definition of multicultural? Multiculturalism describes the existence, acceptance, and/or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single jurisdiction, usually considered in terms of the culture associated with an aboriginal ethnic group and foreigner ethnic groups.
4. Who were the first three peoples to occupy Canadian lands? Aboriginal, French, and British.
5. Name three important events in Canada’s History that have helped define us? Canadian Confederation in 1867, World War I 1914-1918, World War II 1939-1945
6. When did Canada achieve full sovereignty? 1982 with the patriation of the Canadian Constitution.
Canadian Weather
Activity 2
Answer the following questions:
I, walking backwards in obedience
to the wind, am possessed
of the fearful knowledge
my compatriots share
but almost never utter:
this is a country
where a man can die
simply from being
caught outside.
Activity 3 Canada’s Human Landscape
1. Define population distribution.
2. What is an archipelago effect?
3. Look at the map in Figure 3.1 and 3.2 and identify three patterns of population distribution in Canada. Where do people live and why do they live there?
4. What is population density and what is it used for?
Activity 4 Why people live where they live?
3. Look at and read Figure 3.4 on page 43 in your text and answer the following question:
What are the advantages of 3 cities of your choice, in Nova Scotia? Transportation, defense, and access to resources.
Activity 5 Why historically did people move here?
1. Describe the following Aboriginal peoples: Inuit, Métis, and First Nations.- Aboriginal people of Arctic Canada, primarily in Nunavut, Labrador, and Québec.
2. Why were First Nations communities often displaced or moved to other locations? The British, or Canadians wanted their land for exploitation or resale value.
3. Looking back at our rich History which was heavily influenced by the French and the British, describe these two types of settlement patterns in Canada: Seigneurial System and the Township system.
4. Why did the Europeans who came to Canada often want to live on land already occupied by the First Nations? The land was already cleared and ready for farming, agriculture, mining, etc.
5. Explain why populations rise and fall?
Activity 7 Climate Regions
Activity 8 Regional Identities
Every region in Canada has an identity. What is the identity of the following regions: Halifax, Moncton, Québec, Montréal, Winnipeg, Regina, Calgary, Edmonton, Victoria, Vancouver, Yellowknife, Whitehorse, and Iqaluit.
Halifax- Halifax (Haligonian) commonly refers to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;
Halifax, West Yorkshire, England.
Moncton- Moncton (m ʌ ŋ k t ən /; French pronunciation: ) is a city located in Westmorland County in the southeastern portion of the province of New Brunswick, Canada.
Québec- Quebec (French: Québec) is a province located in eastern Canada, the largest in size and second only to Ontario in population. Predominantly French-speaking.
Montréal- Montreal (m ʌ n t r iː ˈ ɒ l /; French: Montréal, pronounced) is the most populous city in Quebec and the second most populous municipality in Canada.
Winnipeg- Winnipeg (w ɪ n ɪ p ɛ ɡ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the longitudinal center of North America.
Regina- Regina (rᵻˈdʒaɪnə) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province, after Saskatoon, and a cultural and commercial center for southern Saskatchewan.
Calgary- Calgary (kælɡᵊri/) is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, about 80 km (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. In the 2011 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833[5] and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta.
Edmonton- Edmonton (ɛ d m ən t ən) is the capital of Alberta, Canada. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River.
Victoria, B.C.- Victoria (v ɪ k ˈ t ɔːr i ə) (Saanich: Mətúliyə) is the capital city of British Columbia, Canada, and is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island.
Vancouver- Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province. The 2011 census recorded 603,502 people in the city, making it the eighth largest Canadian municipality. The Greater Vancouver area is around 2.4 million inhabitants.
Yellowknife- Yellowknife /ˈjɛloʊnaɪf/ (French pronunciation: (jelɔnif); 2011 population: 19,234) is the capital and only city, as well as the largest community in the Northwest Territories (NT or NWT), Canada. It is located on the northern shore of Great Slave Lake, approximately 400 km (250 mi) south of the Arctic Circle, on the west side of Yellowknife Bay near the outlet of the Yellowknife River. Yellowknife and its surrounding water bodies were named after a local Dene tribe once known as the 'Copper Indians' or 'Yellowknife Indians', now referred to locally as the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, who traded tools made from copper deposits near the Arctic Coast. The current population is ethnically mixed. Of the eleven official languages of the Northwest Territories, five are spoken in significant numbers in Yellowknife: Dene Suline, Dogrib, South and North Slavey, English, and French.
Whitehorse- Whitehorse (total area population 27,889 as of 2013) is the capital and largest city of Yukon and the largest city in northern Canada. It is Yukon's only city. It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometer 1426 on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River, which originates in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in Alaska. The city was named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse, near Miles Canyon, before the river was dammed.
Nunavut- Nunavut /iˈkæluːɪt/ ih-KAL-oo-it (Inuktitut: ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ; is the capital of the Canadian territory of Nunavut; its largest community, and its only city. Until 1987, the city was known as Frobisher Bay, after the large bay on the coast of which the city is situated. In 1999, Iqaluit became the capital of Nunavut after the division of the Northwest Territories into two separate territories. Before this event, Iqaluit was (relatively speaking) an insignificant city and not well-known outside of the Canadian Arctic or Canada, with population and economic growth highly limited.
Activity A
Canadians (French: Canadiens) are the people who are identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Canadians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian.
Canada is a bilingual and multicultural society home to people of many different ethnic, religious and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. Following the initial period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-aboriginal peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity. Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbor, the United States.
Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of many years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a fully-fledged sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Legislative independence was established with the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1946 took effect on January 1, 1947, and full sovereignty was achieved with the patriation of the constitution in 1982.
Questions:
1. Who are Canadians? Canadians (French: Canadiens) are the people who are identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural.
2. What is the definition of bilingual? 1. able to speak two languages with the facility of a native speaker. 2. spoken, written, or containing similar information in two different languages:
a bilingual dictionary; Public notices at the embassy are bilingual.
3. of, involving, or using two languages: a bilingual community; bilingual schools.
a bilingual person.
3. What is the definition of multicultural? Multiculturalism describes the existence, acceptance, and/or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single jurisdiction, usually considered in terms of the culture associated with an aboriginal ethnic group and foreigner ethnic groups.
4. Who were the first three peoples to occupy Canadian lands? Aboriginal, French, and British.
5. Name three important events in Canada’s History that have helped define us? Canadian Confederation in 1867, World War I 1914-1918, World War II 1939-1945
6. When did Canada achieve full sovereignty? 1982 with the patriation of the Canadian Constitution.
Canadian Weather
Activity 2
Answer the following questions:
- What is the most snow that you have ever seen?
- What is snow?
- Do you believe that the world’s climate is changing?
- How is it changing?
- What will our climate be in 20 years?
- What is a snowstorm? Water vapor condenses at a temperature below the freezing point. As it condenses it forms ice crystals that join together to make snowflakes. Wind causes snowdrifts and the amount of snow depends on the temperature, the moisture in the air, and the type of clouds.
- Read the poem Canadian January Night by Alden Nowlan. Is this poem accurate? Varied.
I, walking backwards in obedience
to the wind, am possessed
of the fearful knowledge
my compatriots share
but almost never utter:
this is a country
where a man can die
simply from being
caught outside.
- Name 5 people or businesses that benefit from a snowstorm.
Activity 3 Canada’s Human Landscape
1. Define population distribution.
2. What is an archipelago effect?
3. Look at the map in Figure 3.1 and 3.2 and identify three patterns of population distribution in Canada. Where do people live and why do they live there?
4. What is population density and what is it used for?
Activity 4 Why people live where they live?
- What are site factors and situation factors?
3. Look at and read Figure 3.4 on page 43 in your text and answer the following question:
What are the advantages of 3 cities of your choice, in Nova Scotia? Transportation, defense, and access to resources.
Activity 5 Why historically did people move here?
1. Describe the following Aboriginal peoples: Inuit, Métis, and First Nations.- Aboriginal people of Arctic Canada, primarily in Nunavut, Labrador, and Québec.
2. Why were First Nations communities often displaced or moved to other locations? The British, or Canadians wanted their land for exploitation or resale value.
3. Looking back at our rich History which was heavily influenced by the French and the British, describe these two types of settlement patterns in Canada: Seigneurial System and the Township system.
4. Why did the Europeans who came to Canada often want to live on land already occupied by the First Nations? The land was already cleared and ready for farming, agriculture, mining, etc.
5. Explain why populations rise and fall?
Activity 7 Climate Regions
- Name and describe the five types of climate that exist in Canada.
- What is a climate graph?
- Examine the following climate information chart for Halifax.
- Set up your two vertical axes and the horizontal axe.
- The temperature scale is on the left vertical axis. Draw a ling graph for the average monthly temperatures.
- The precipitation scale is on the right vertical axis. Use a series of bars to represent the average monthly precipitation.
Activity 8 Regional Identities
Every region in Canada has an identity. What is the identity of the following regions: Halifax, Moncton, Québec, Montréal, Winnipeg, Regina, Calgary, Edmonton, Victoria, Vancouver, Yellowknife, Whitehorse, and Iqaluit.
Halifax- Halifax (Haligonian) commonly refers to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;
Halifax, West Yorkshire, England.
Moncton- Moncton (m ʌ ŋ k t ən /; French pronunciation: ) is a city located in Westmorland County in the southeastern portion of the province of New Brunswick, Canada.
Québec- Quebec (French: Québec) is a province located in eastern Canada, the largest in size and second only to Ontario in population. Predominantly French-speaking.
Montréal- Montreal (m ʌ n t r iː ˈ ɒ l /; French: Montréal, pronounced) is the most populous city in Quebec and the second most populous municipality in Canada.
Winnipeg- Winnipeg (w ɪ n ɪ p ɛ ɡ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the longitudinal center of North America.
Regina- Regina (rᵻˈdʒaɪnə) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province, after Saskatoon, and a cultural and commercial center for southern Saskatchewan.
Calgary- Calgary (kælɡᵊri/) is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, about 80 km (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. In the 2011 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833[5] and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta.
Edmonton- Edmonton (ɛ d m ən t ən) is the capital of Alberta, Canada. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River.
Victoria, B.C.- Victoria (v ɪ k ˈ t ɔːr i ə) (Saanich: Mətúliyə) is the capital city of British Columbia, Canada, and is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island.
Vancouver- Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province. The 2011 census recorded 603,502 people in the city, making it the eighth largest Canadian municipality. The Greater Vancouver area is around 2.4 million inhabitants.
Yellowknife- Yellowknife /ˈjɛloʊnaɪf/ (French pronunciation: (jelɔnif); 2011 population: 19,234) is the capital and only city, as well as the largest community in the Northwest Territories (NT or NWT), Canada. It is located on the northern shore of Great Slave Lake, approximately 400 km (250 mi) south of the Arctic Circle, on the west side of Yellowknife Bay near the outlet of the Yellowknife River. Yellowknife and its surrounding water bodies were named after a local Dene tribe once known as the 'Copper Indians' or 'Yellowknife Indians', now referred to locally as the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, who traded tools made from copper deposits near the Arctic Coast. The current population is ethnically mixed. Of the eleven official languages of the Northwest Territories, five are spoken in significant numbers in Yellowknife: Dene Suline, Dogrib, South and North Slavey, English, and French.
Whitehorse- Whitehorse (total area population 27,889 as of 2013) is the capital and largest city of Yukon and the largest city in northern Canada. It is Yukon's only city. It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometer 1426 on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River, which originates in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in Alaska. The city was named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse, near Miles Canyon, before the river was dammed.
Nunavut- Nunavut /iˈkæluːɪt/ ih-KAL-oo-it (Inuktitut: ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ; is the capital of the Canadian territory of Nunavut; its largest community, and its only city. Until 1987, the city was known as Frobisher Bay, after the large bay on the coast of which the city is situated. In 1999, Iqaluit became the capital of Nunavut after the division of the Northwest Territories into two separate territories. Before this event, Iqaluit was (relatively speaking) an insignificant city and not well-known outside of the Canadian Arctic or Canada, with population and economic growth highly limited.